英语翻译第二节Satisfaction of Members.As described in Chapter 17,em

英语翻译
第二节
Satisfaction of Members.
As described in Chapter 17,employees have
needs for belongingness and amliation Working in teams can help meet these
needs Participative teams reduce boredom and often increase employees' feel
lng of &gnity and self-worth because the whole person is employed.People who
have a satisfying team environment cope better with stress and enjoy their jobs
Expanded ]ob Knowledge and Skills.
The third major benefit of
using teams is the empowerment of employees to bring greater knowledge
and ability to the task For one thing,multiskdled employees learn all of
the jobs that the team performs.Teams gain the intellectual resources of sev-
eral members who can suggest shortcuts and offer alternative points of ew
for team decisions
Organizational Flexibility.
Traditional organizations are structured so
that each worker does only one specific job.But when employee teams are
used,from 5 to 15 people work next to one another and are able to exchange
jobs.Work can be reorganized and workers reallocated as needed to produce
products and services with.great flexibility The organization is able to be
responsive to rapidly changing customer needs
Potential Costs of Teams
When managers decide whether to use teams,they must assess certain costs
or liabilities associated with teamwork.When teams do not work very well,
the major reasons usually are power realignment,free riding,coordination
costs,or legal hassles.
Power Realignment.
When companies fo~shop workers into teams,
Ihe major losers are low- and middle-level managers.These managers are
reluctant to give up power.Indeed,when teams are successful,fewer super-
visors are needed This is especially true for self-directed teams,because
workers take over supervisory responsibibly The adjustmem is difficult for
managers who fear the loss of status or even their job and who have to learn
new,people-oriented skigs to survive?
Free Riding.
The term free rider refers to a team member who attains
benefit from team membership but does not do a proportionate share of the
work5s Free riding sometimes is called social loafing,because members do
not exert equal effort In large teams,some people are likely to work less
For example,research found that the pull exerted on a rope was greater hy
individuals working alone than hy individuals in a group.Similarl~people
who were asked to clap and make noise made more noise on a per person
basis when working alone or in small groups than they did in a large group)~
The problem ol free riding has been experienced by people who have par-
ticipated in student project groups Some students put more effort inlo the
group project than others,and often it seems that no members work as hard
for the group as they do for their individual grades.