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幼苗
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初三开始学
被动语态的句子是以《be动词+过去分词》的形式来表达,如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后面需接by~,译为“被(由)……”.
1 被动语态的句型
肯定句:主语+be +过去分词+(by~).
否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by~).
一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by~
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+(by~
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变.
一、 被动语态的用法:
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
4.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there.→
Trees are being planted over there by them.
5.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
6.过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.The new road was being made.
7.过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.The tickets had been sold out berore I came to the cinema.
8.将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
The project will have been completed before May.
9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1.先找出谓语动词;
2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4.注意人称、时态和数的变化.
例:1.Bruce writes a letter every week.→A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3.He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4.They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5.Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6.You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1.不及物动词无被动语态.
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义.
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to .
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定.
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike.→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词.
We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laugh at by us.
He listens to the radio every day.→The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
1年前
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