谁能详细告诉我不定式，动名词，分词，的用法？

霖哥哥-心灵之星 以下是我的解答，虽然有点啰嗦，希望你能喜欢，也希望你的英语越学越好。。谢谢 英语中，非限定动词也叫非谓语动词，也就是不定式、分词和动名词。顾名思义，不定式、分词和动名词在英语句子中是不能做作谓语的。 非谓语动词虽然不能在句子中作谓语，但由于它们本身具有动词的一些特征，它们在句子中的运用是非常活跃的。他们之间的用法既有共同点，又有一定的区别，是历年高考必考的语法项目，例如NMET2005年单项填空题（全国卷）中就有这样一题： 32，The storm left, ________ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to caused D. having caused 根据题意，本题应选D------分词作状语，表示结果。 如何正确地运用好非谓语动词，是许多学生普遍感到棘手的问题，本文将就不定式、分词和动名词的词性特征和句法功能等方面进行比较，帮助学生正确地运用好非谓语动词。 一、 基本形式 a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形” 即to﹢v. ；但有时也可省去to, 即：(to) ﹢v. 。 b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。 ①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式，如，writing, doing ,working ,going, etc. ②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,ask→asked ,dig→digged ,etc; b) 不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词，学生需要用心熟记，方能正确使用。如，go→went→gone; do→did→done, etc . c． 动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同，都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing ,writing ,doing ,etc . 二、 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。 2．基本用法 ①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如： He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如： When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，doing / being done; ②完成式，如，having done / having been done 。 2.基本用法 ①现在分词的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。如： The boys and girls went to school, singing and dancing all along the way . They all jumped with joy ,hearing the good news. The girl could not help crying ,being criticized in the public. ②现在分词的完成式，表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已发生，常用作时间状语或原因状语。如： Having done the work very well ,he was praised by the teacher. Having been shot by a bullet, the man fell down dead. C． 动名词 1.动名词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，writing / being written ; ②完成式，如，having written / having been written 。 2.基本用法 ①动名词的一般式不表示动作正在进行，但作具有状语性质的宾语时，动名词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers. ②动名词的完成式在作具有状语性质的宾语时，表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。如： He was praised by the teacher for having done the work wonderfully. He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in the company.