英语翻译Ste.Chappelle,Paris The origins of the first stained gla

英语翻译
Ste.Chappelle,Paris The origins of the first stained glass windows are lost in history.The technique probably came from jewelry making,cloisonné and mosaics.Stained glass windows as we know them,seemed to arise when substantial church building began.By the 10th century,depictions of Christ and biblical scenes were found in French and German churches and decorative designs found in England.
There is a mystery to glass:It is a form of matter with gas,liquid and solid state properties.Glass is most like a super-cooled liquid.It captures light and glows from within.It is a jewel like substance made from the most ordinary materials:sand transformed by fire.Before recorded history,man learned to make glass and color it by adding metallic salts and oxides.These minerals within the glass capture specific portions from the spectrum of white light allowing the human eye to see various colors.Gold produces stunning cranberry,cobalt makes blues; silver creates yellows and golds while copper makes greens and brick red.
Five Prophets,Germany 10th centuryTechniques of stained glass window construction were described by the monk Theophilus who wrote a how to for craftsmen about 1100 AD.It describes methods little changed over 900 years:"if you want to assemble simple windows,first mark out the dimensions of their length and breadth on a wooden board,then draw scroll work or anything else that pleases you,and select colors that are to be put in.Cut the glass and fit the pieces together with the grozing iron.Enclose them with lead cames.and solder on both sides.Surround it with a wooden frame strengthened with mails and set it up in the place where you wish."
The Gothic age produced the great cathedrals of Europe and brought a full flowering of stained glass windows.Churches became taller and lighter,walls thinned and stained glass was used to fill the increasingly larger openings in them.Stained glass became the sun filled world outside.Abbot Suger of the Abbey of St.Denis rebuilt his church in what is one of the first examples of the Gothic style.He brought in craftsmen to make the glass and kept a journal of what was done.He truly believed that the presence of beautiful objects would lift men's’ souls closer to God.
Chartres Paris,13th century Detail of Chartres Paris,13th century
Stained glass windows are often viewed as translucent pictures.Gothic stained glass windows are a complex mosaic of bits of colored glass joined with lead into an intricate pattern illustrating biblical stories and saints lives.Viewed from the ground,they appear not as a picture but as a network of black lines and colored light.Medieval man experienced a window more than he read it.It made the church that special,sacred dwelling place of an all powerful God.