情态动词+have done目前主要有must,can,could,may,might,should,ought to,

1.must+have+done
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.
eg.It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的.
2.can+have+done
表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”
eg.There is no light in the room.Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
3..can't+have+done
表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”.
eg.Mr.Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他.
4.could+have+done
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.
eg.He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心.
5.may+have+done
表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中.
eg.—What has happened to George?
—I don't know.He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事?
——我不知道,他可能迷路了.
6.might+have+done
表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小.多用于虚拟语气结构中.
eg.She might have achieved greater progress,if you had given her more chances.如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩.
7.would+have+done
虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”.
eg.Without your help,I wouldn't have achieved so much.没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩.
8..should+have+done
意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做.” “shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意
eg.Look,Tom is crying.I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉.
9.ought to+have+done
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾.与“should+have+done”用法基本一样.
eg.I ought to have gone home last Sunday.我理应上星期日回家.
10.need+have+done
表示本来需要做某事而没有做.“needn‘t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”.
He need have hurried to the station.In that case,be wouldn't have missed the train.他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车.
11.needn’t + have done 表示“本来不必做的事,实际上做过了.

could。may、might表虚拟
must、can表推测

表肯定的; must / must not
表推测的： could/ could not, would like/would not like, might/ might not, may/may not, had better/ had worse
表中性，但偏向肯定的： ought to do/ ought not to do, should do/should not do