怎么区分1.others ,the others,the other ,another

1 other本身没有单独使用的时候,它可以修饰一个名词或代词,如:other people,也可以和the联用,或者用another,或者用它的复数形式others.这几种表达的具体用法见下:
关于other前加不加the要看前文是否有一个范围,如果没有范围就不需要加the,泛指另外一个用another或another one 或another + 单数名词(如another apple).
泛指另外一些用others,或other ones,或other + 复数名词(如other people),以下是几个例句:
I don't want this one.Show me another (one),please.
Show me some other ones,please.
You shouldn’t always think of yourself.You should think more of others (other people).
如果前文划定了一个范围,或者隐含了一个范围(如:"他的另一只手",一个人只有两只手,这个范围是隐含的),需要和the 联用.例句:
“Where are the two players from?”
“One (of them) is from Japan,but I know nothing about the other (one).”
We use the satellite to send messages to the other side of the world.(隐含范围).
Four of the group were killed in the accident.The others / The other people were saved.
some常和others 联用,如:There are a lot of people in the park,some are reading,some are boating,others are taking a walk.此时的others 表示其余有些人,而不一定是其余全部的人.
试比较:
Some students in my class are from the country,the others are from town.此句中的the others 强调其余的全部学生.
another还有一个特殊用法:another + 数词 + 复数名词,表示另外一些东西,如:another ten minutes,就等于 ten more minutes:另外十分钟.
从上文中可以看到other即可以有类似形容词的用法(修饰另外一个词,如other people),也可以作为代词来用(后边不修饰词,如:"the other"),其实大部分不定代词都有这两种用法,如:"some",可以修饰一个词,如:some paper,也可以单独使用,如:Some are very interesting.
但请比较:
"the other"和"the other one"都是正确的形式,因为前者可以理解为代词的用法,后者可以理解为形容词的用法.
"the others" 却不能再修饰另外一词,因为它只能理解为代词,故此"the others people"就是一个错误的说法.
2 习惯于BE USED TO DOING 过去是USED TO DO
3 是既不也不的意思 he likes neither this gift nor that one
5 做努力和力气时不可数 做尝试时可数make an effort(all efforts) to do
6 一.instead意为“代替”“替代”,作副词用,通常位于句尾.如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开.instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲,而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲.
例如：1.Lily isn't here.Ask Lucy instead.
Lily不在这儿,去问Lucy吧.[注意]当instead在祈使句中时,只能位于句末.
2.she didn't answer me,instead,she asked me another question.
她没有回答我,反而问了我另外一个问题.
二.instead of是介宾短语,其意与instead相同,不同之处在于它后面常接宾语,起宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当.
例如：1.We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary.
我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽.
2.I'll go instead of her.
我会替她去.
三.instead 与instead of的转换.
例如:1.He didn't answer me,instead,he asked me another
question → He asked me another question instead of answering me 参考http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/5532000.html
8 A BIT 是一点的意思 NOT A BIT是一点也不=NOT AT ALL
10 ...这个很多了啊 要平时积累的...